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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL vs. Vertica vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL vs. Vertica vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparisonVoltDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS infoUsed for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS infoColumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score10.68
Rank#43  Overall
#27  Relational DBMS
Score1.44
Rank#158  Overall
#73  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.orgwww.vertica.comwww.voltdb.com
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.org/­docsvertica.com/­documentationdocs.voltdb.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett PackardVoltDB Inc.
Initial release201220161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20052010
Current release29.0.1, April 202416.3, May 202412.0.3, January 202311.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2commercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial infoLimited community edition freeOpen Source infoAGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containersno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++CC++Java, C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X infofor development
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesyesYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.yes infoonly a subset of SQL 99
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
C#
C++
Erlang infonot officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differencesJava
Triggersnonoyesyes, called Custom Alertsno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedSharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono infoBi-directional Spark integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesyesno infoFOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDACID infoTransactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoData access is serialized by the server
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoSnapshots and command logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hashUsers and roles with access to stored procedures
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DruidMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgreSQLVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™VoltDB
Specific characteristicsDeploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
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Competitive advantagesFast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Typical application scenariosCommunication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
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Key customersAbiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
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Licensing and pricing modelsCost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
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More resources
Apache DruidMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgreSQLVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™VoltDB
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