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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL vs. ScyllaDB vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL vs. ScyllaDB vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonScyllaDB  Xexclude from comparisonVoltDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLCassandra and DynamoDB compatible wide column storeDistributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS infoUsed for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Wide column storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Key-value store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score4.75
Rank#68  Overall
#5  Wide column stores
Score1.44
Rank#158  Overall
#73  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.orgwww.scylladb.comwww.voltdb.com
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.scylladb.comdocs.voltdb.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerScyllaDBVoltDB Inc.
Initial release201220161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20152010
Current release29.0.1, April 202416.3, May 2024ScyllaDB Open Source 5.4.1, January 202411.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2commercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoOpen Source (AGPL), commercial license availableOpen Source infoAGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++CC++Java, C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X infofor development
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infocluster global secondary indicesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infoonly a subset of SQL 99
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Proprietary protocol (CQL) infocompatible with CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)
Thrift
Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
For CQL interface: C#, C++, Clojure, Erlang, Go, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, Node.js, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Rust, Scala
For DynamoDB interface: .Net, ColdFusion, Erlang, Groovy, Java, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby
C#
C++
Erlang infonot officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes, LuaJava
Triggersnonoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedSharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Tunable Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesnono infoFOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACID infoTransactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoData access is serialized by the server
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoSnapshots and command logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infoin-memory tables
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users can be defined per objectUsers and roles with access to stored procedures
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DruidMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgreSQLScyllaDBVoltDB
Specific characteristicsScyllaDB is engineered to deliver predictable performance at scale. It’s adopted...
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Competitive advantagesHighly-performant (efficiently utilizes full resources of a node and network; millions...
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Typical application scenariosScyllaDB is ideal for applications that require high throughput and low latency at...
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Key customersDiscord, Epic Games, Expedia, Zillow, Comcast, Disney+ Hotstar, Samsung, ShareChat,...
» more
Market metricsScyllaDB typically offers ~75% total cost of ownership savings, with ~5X higher throughput...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsScyllaDB Open Source - free open source software (AGPL) ScyllaDB Enterprise - subscription-based...
» more

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More resources
Apache DruidMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgreSQLScyllaDBVoltDB
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