DBMS > Apache Druid vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle vs. Oracle NoSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle vs. Oracle NoSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

Widely used RDBMS

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

column oriented

Relational DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.85
Rank	#96	Overall
	#50	Relational DBMS
	#6	Time Series DBMS

Score	3.14
Rank	#85	Overall
	#46	Relational DBMS

Score	3.28
Rank	#83	Overall
	#45	Relational DBMS

Score	1286.59
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	3.07
Rank	#86	Overall
	#15	Document stores
	#11	Key-value stores
	#47	Relational DBMS

Website

druid.apache.org

hsqldb.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.oracle.com/database

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

docs.oracle.com/en/database

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Microsoft

Oracle

Initial release

2012

2001

2019

1980

2011

Current release

30.0.0, June 2024

2.7.2, June 2023

cloud service with continuous releases

23c, September 2023

24.1, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

based on BSD license

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

optional

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

yes

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java, SQL

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

can be realized in PL/SQL

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

yes

off heap cache

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Azure Active Directory Authentication

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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