DBMS > Apache Druid vs. HEAVY.AI vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. OceanBase vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. HEAVY.AI vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. OceanBase vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

A high performance, column-oriented RDBMS, specifically developed to harness the massive parallelism of modern CPU and GPU hardware

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A distributed, high available RDBMS compatible with Oracle and MySQL

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.25
Rank	#90	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.64
Rank	#145	Overall
	#67	Relational DBMS

Score	27.71
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	1.57
Rank	#149	Overall
	#69	Relational DBMS

Score	2.07
Rank	#122	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

druid.apache.org

github.com/heavyai/heavydb
www.heavy.ai

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

en.oceanbase.com

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

docs.heavy.ai

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

en.oceanbase.com/docs/oceanbase-database

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

HEAVY.AI, Inc.

Microsoft

OceanBase

previously Alibaba and Ant Group

Stardog-Union

Initial release

2012

2016

2014

2010

Current release

29.0.1, April 2024

5.10, January 2022

4.3.0, April 2024

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

Apache Version 2; enterprise edition available

commercial

Open Source

Commercial license available

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++ and CUDA

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

Linux

hosted

Linux

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

yes

SQL-like query language

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Vega

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Proprietary native API
Table API

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/Thrift
Python

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Ada

in MySQL-compatible model
C

in Oracle- and MySQL- compatible models
C++

in Oracle- and MySQL- compatible models
D

in MySQL-compatible model
Delphi

in MySQL-compatible model
Eiffel

in MySQL-compatible model
Erlang

in MySQL-compatible model
Haskell

in MySQL-compatible model
Java

in Oracle- and MySQL- compatible models
JavaScript (Node.js)

in MySQL-compatible model
Objective-C

in MySQL-compatible model
OCaml

in MySQL-compatible model
Perl

in MySQL-compatible model
PHP

in MySQL-compatible model
Python

in MySQL-compatible model
Ruby

in MySQL-compatible model
Scheme

in MySQL-compatible model
Tcl

in MySQL-compatible model

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

PL/SQL in oracle-compatible mode, MySQL Stored Procedure in mysql-compatible mode

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

JavaScript

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

Sharding

Round robin

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

horizontal partitioning (by hash, key, range, range columns, list, and list columns)

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

Multi-source replication

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Multi-source replication using Paxos

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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