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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. H2 vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SwayDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. H2 vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SwayDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSwayDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableFully managed big data interactive analytics platformAn embeddable, non-blocking, type-safe key-value store for single or multiple disks and in-memory storage
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedKey-value store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.25
Rank#90  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score27.97
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.04
Rank#387  Overall
#61  Key-value stores
Websitedruid.apache.orgwww.h2database.comhbase.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerswaydb.simer.au
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlhbase.apache.org/­book.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsThomas MuellerApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetMicrosoftSimer Plaha
Initial release20122005200820192018
Current release29.0.1, April 20242.2.220, July 20232.3.4, January 2021cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoGNU Affero GPL V3.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaJavaScala
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
All OS with a Java VMLinux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
hosted
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesschema-free, schema definition possibleFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
JavaC
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Java
Kotlin
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infoCoprocessors in JavaYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnoyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basednoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)noAtomic execution of operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACAzure Active Directory Authenticationno

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More resources
Apache DruidH2HBaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSwayDB
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