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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. PostgreSQL vs. Teradata Aster vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. PostgreSQL vs. Teradata Aster vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata Aster  Xexclude from comparisonYugabyteDB  Xexclude from comparison
Teradata Aster has been integrated into other Teradata systems and therefore will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLPlatform for big data analytics on multistructured data sources and typesHigh-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.91
Rank#102  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.postgresql.orgwww.yugabyte.com
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.yugabyte.com
github.com/­yugabyte/­yugabyte-db
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerTeradataYugabyte Inc.
Initial release201220171989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20052017
Current release29.0.1, April 202416.3, May 20242.19, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2commercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCC and C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free) infodefined schema within the relational store; partial schema or schema free in the Aster File Storedepending on used data model
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yes infoin Aster File Storeno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesyes, PostgreSQL compatible
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Java
Python
R
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.R packagesyes infosql, plpgsql, C
Triggersnonoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashShardingHash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infoDimension tables are replicated across all nodes in the cluster. The number of replicas for the file store can be configured.Based on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes infoSQL Map-Reduce Frameworkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationStrong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDDistributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infobased on RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonononono
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DruidGoogle Cloud SpannerPostgreSQLTeradata AsterYugabyteDB
Specific characteristicsYugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
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Competitive advantagesPostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
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Typical application scenariosSystems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
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Market metrics2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache 2.0 license for the database
» more

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More resources
Apache DruidGoogle Cloud SpannerPostgreSQLTeradata AsterYugabyteDB
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