DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. RDF4J

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene

Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Search engine

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

RDF store

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.34
Rank	#88	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	135.35
Rank	#7	Overall
	#1	Search engines

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

druid.apache.org

www.elastic.co/elasticsearch

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Elastic

Microsoft

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2012

2010

2014

2004

Current release

29.0.1, April 2024

8.6, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

Elastic License

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript

yes

Triggers

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

ES-Hadoop Connector

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Memcached and Redis integration

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

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