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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Cassandra vs. Elasticsearch vs. QuestDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Cassandra vs. Elasticsearch vs. QuestDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricA high performance open source SQL database for time series data
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Wide column storeSearch engineTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score2.52
Rank#109  Overall
#9  Time Series DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgcassandra.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchquestdb.io
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlquestdb.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookElasticQuestDB Technology Inc
Initial release2012200820102014
Current release29.0.1, April 20244.1.3, July 20238.6, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaJavaJava (Zero-GC), C++, Rust
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedschema-freeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)SQL-like query languageSQL with time-series extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesno
Triggersnoyesyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedSharding infono "single point of failure"Shardinghorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyesSource-replica replication with eventual consistency
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesES-Hadoop Connectorno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoACID for single-table writes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoMemcached and Redis integrationyes infothrough memory mapped files
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess rights for users can be defined per object
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DruidCassandraElasticsearchQuestDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Relational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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High ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Financial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Banks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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Open source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
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