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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SwayDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SwayDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSwayDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLFully managed big data interactive analytics platformAn embeddable, non-blocking, type-safe key-value store for single or multiple disks and in-memory storage
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedKey-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.25
Rank#90  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score2.06
Rank#123  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.04
Rank#387  Overall
#61  Key-value stores
Websitedruid.apache.orgphoenix.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerswaydb.simer.au
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designphoenix.apache.orgdocs.citusdata.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software FoundationMicrosoftSimer Plaha
Initial release20122014201020192018
Current release29.0.1, April 20245.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20198.1, December 2018cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialOpen Source infoGNU Affero GPL V3.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaCScala
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
Linux
Unix
Windows
Linuxhosted
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyesyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBCADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Java
Kotlin
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnonoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoHadoop integrationnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDnoAtomic execution of operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationno

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More resources
Apache DruidApache PhoenixCitusMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSwayDB
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