DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Apache Impala vs. H2GIS vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Apache Impala vs. H2GIS vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Snowflake

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Spatial extension of H2

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.25
Rank	#90	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.08
Rank	#368	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Score	76.78
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	130.36
Rank	#8	Overall
	#5	Relational DBMS

Website

druid.apache.org

impala.apache.org

www.h2gis.org

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

www.snowflake.com

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

www.h2gis.org/docs/home

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

CNRS

Microsoft

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Initial release

2012

2013

2010

2014

Current release

29.0.1, April 2024

4.1.0, June 2022

V12

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

LGPL 3.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

Linux

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Java

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

based on H2

Transact SQL

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

Sharding

none

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

selectable replication factor

yes

based on H2

yes, with always 3 replicas available

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

yes

based on H2

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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