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DBMS > Apache Drill vs. dBASE vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. dBASE vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Drill  Xexclude from comparisondBASE  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Firestore  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionSchema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud StoragedBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Cloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Document storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.95
Rank#127  Overall
#23  Document stores
#60  Relational DBMS
Score10.34
Rank#44  Overall
#28  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score7.85
Rank#51  Overall
#8  Document stores
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitedrill.apache.orgwww.dbase.comcloud.google.com/­bigtablefirebase.google.com/­products/­firestorevirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdrill.apache.org/­docswww.dbase.com/­support/­knowledgebasecloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsfirebase.google.com/­docs/­firestoredocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software FoundationAsthon TateGoogleGoogleOpenLink Software
Initial release20121979201520171998
Current release1.20.3, January 2023dBASE 2019, 20197.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
DOS infodBase Classic
Windows infodBase Pro
hostedhostedAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliantnononoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
none infoThe IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Android
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC++dBase proprietary IDEC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsno infoThe IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.noyes, Firebase Rules & Cloud Functionsyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnononoyes, with Cloud Functionsyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replicationChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoyesUsing Cloud Dataflowyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infonot for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMSAtomic single-row operationsyesACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentDepending on the underlying data sourceyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Depending on the underlying data sourcenoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlDepending on the underlying data sourceAccess rights for users and rolesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DrilldBASEGoogle Cloud BigtableGoogle Cloud FirestoreVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Apache DrilldBASEGoogle Cloud BigtableGoogle Cloud FirestoreVirtuoso
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