DBMS > Apache Drill vs. Dgraph vs. Heroic vs. TiDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. Dgraph vs. Heroic vs. TiDB vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Schema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud Storage

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearch

TiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Document store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.95
Rank	#127	Overall
	#23	Document stores
	#60	Relational DBMS

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	0.51
Rank	#255	Overall
	#21	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.66
Rank	#70	Overall
	#38	Relational DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

drill.apache.org

dgraph.io

github.com/spotify/heroic

pingcap.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

drill.apache.org/docs

dgraph.io/docs

spotify.github.io/heroic

docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Spotify

PingCAP, Inc.

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2012

2016

2014

2016

2019

Current release

1.20.3, January 2023

8.0.0, March 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.

Implementation language

Java

Go, Rust

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

via Elasticsearch

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliant

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API

GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C++

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

Triggers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

yes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

with TiSpark Connector

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

full support since version 6.6

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Depending on the underlying data source

User concepts

Access control

Depending on the underlying data source

Planned for future releases

Fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more

Competitive advantages

- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more

Typical application scenarios

TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more

Key customers

Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more

Market metrics

34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources

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