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DBMS > Apache Drill vs. Citus vs. Drizzle vs. H2 vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. Citus vs. Drizzle vs. H2 vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Drill  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonDrizzle  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
Drizzle has published its last release in September 2012. The open-source project is discontinued and Drizzle is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionSchema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud StorageScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLMySQL fork with a pluggable micro-kernel and with an emphasis of performance over compatibility.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.TiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.28
Rank#119  Overall
#23  Document stores
#56  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#123  Overall
#60  Relational DBMS
Score8.22
Rank#50  Overall
#32  Relational DBMS
Score4.94
Rank#72  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Websitedrill.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comwww.h2database.compingcap.com
Technical documentationdrill.apache.org/­docsdocs.citusdata.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperApache Software FoundationDrizzle project, originally started by Brian AkerThomas MuellerPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release20122010200820052016
Current release1.20.3, January 20238.1, December 20187.2.4, September 20122.2.220, July 20238.0.0, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoGNU GPLOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageCC++JavaGo, Rust
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
LinuxFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
All OS with a Java VMLinux
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliantyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes infowith proprietary extensionsyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBCJDBC
ODBC
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languagesC++.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Java
PHP
JavaAda
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsno
Triggersnoyesno infohooks for callbacks inside the server can be used.yesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyesyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentDepending on the underlying data sourceyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Depending on the underlying data sourcenoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlDepending on the underlying data sourcefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardPluggable authentication mechanisms infoe.g. LDAP, HTTPfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DrillCitusDrizzleH2TiDB
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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More resources
Apache DrillCitusDrizzleH2TiDB
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