DBMS > Apache Drill vs. Apache Impala vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OpenQM

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. Apache Impala vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OpenQM

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Schema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud Storage

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

QpenQM is a high-performance, self-tuning, multi-value DBMS

Primary database model

Document store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.95
Rank	#127	Overall
	#23	Document stores
	#60	Relational DBMS

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.27
Rank	#298	Overall
	#10	Multivalue DBMS

Website

drill.apache.org

impala.apache.org

github.com/google/leveldb

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.rocketsoftware.com/products/rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/rocket-open-qm

Technical documentation

drill.apache.org/docs

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Google

Microsoft

Rocket Software, originally Martin Phillips

Initial release

2012

2013

2011

1989

1993

Current release

1.20.3, January 2023

4.1.0, June 2022

1.23, February 2021

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

3.4-12

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

BSD

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

AIX
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

with some exceptions

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliant

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Supported programming languages

C++

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
Basic
C
Java
Objective C
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

User concepts

Access control

Depending on the underlying data source

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

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