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DBMS > Apache Drill vs. Apache Druid vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. Apache Druid vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Drill  Xexclude from comparisonApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Cloudant  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionSchema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud StorageOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataDatabase as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDBElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Document storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.95
Rank#127  Overall
#23  Document stores
#60  Relational DBMS
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score2.68
Rank#106  Overall
#20  Document stores
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitedrill.apache.orgdruid.apache.orgwww.ibm.com/­products/­cloudantazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdrill.apache.org/­docsdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designcloud.ibm.com/­docs/­Cloudantdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperApache Software FoundationApache Software Foundation and contributorsIBM, Apache Software Foundation infoIBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014MicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20122012201020161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release1.20.3, January 202329.0.1, April 202416.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache license v2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaErlangC++C
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
hostedhostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliantSQL for queryingnoyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC++Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsnoView functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScriptTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnonoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonono infoatomic operations within a document possibleACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoOptimistic lockingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentDepending on the underlying data sourceyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Depending on the underlying data sourcenonono
User concepts infoAccess controlDepending on the underlying data sourceRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache DrillApache DruidIBM CloudantMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgreSQL
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