DBMS > Apache Derby vs. Ingres vs. PostgreSQL vs. Teradata

System Properties Comparison Apache Derby vs. Ingres vs. PostgreSQL vs. Teradata

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Well established RDBMS

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

A hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.04
Rank	#85	Overall
	#46	Relational DBMS

Score	3.25
Rank	#80	Overall
	#43	Relational DBMS

Score	674.32
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	33.87
Rank	#22	Overall
	#15	Relational DBMS

Website

db.apache.org/derby

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.postgresql.org

www.teradata.com

Technical documentation

db.apache.org/derby/manuals/index.html

docs.actian.com/ingres

www.postgresql.org/docs

docs.teradata.com

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Actian Corporation

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Teradata

Initial release

1997

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

1984

Current release

10.17.1.0, November 2023

12.0, July 2024

16.4, August 2024

Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

hosted
Linux

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Join-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash index

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard with numerous extensions

yes

SQL 2016 + extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB

Supported programming languages

Java

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures

yes

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

UDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallel

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Sharding

Hashing

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

Ingres Replicator

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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