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DBMS > AnzoGraph DB vs. LevelDB vs. Stardog vs. Titan vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison AnzoGraph DB vs. LevelDB vs. Stardog vs. Titan vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAnzoGraph DB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionScalable graph database built for online analytics and data harmonization with MPP scaling, high-performance analytical algorithms and reasoning, and virtualizationEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Key-value storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Graph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.29
Rank#303  Overall
#25  Graph DBMS
#14  RDF stores
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitecambridgesemantics.com/­anzographgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.stardog.comgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titanvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.cambridgesemantics.com/­anzograph/­userdoc/­home.htmgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.stardog.comgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wikidocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperCambridge SemanticsGoogleStardog-UnionAurelius, owned by DataStaxOpenLink Software
Initial release20182011201020121998
Current release2.3, January 20211.23, February 20217.3.0, May 20207.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infofree trial version availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaJavaC
Server operating systemsLinuxIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeSchema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infoImport/export of XML data possibleyes
Secondary indexesnonoyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSPARQL and SPARQL* as primary query language. Cypher preview.noYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Servernoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsApache Mule
gRPC
JDBC
Kafka
OData access for BI tools
OpenCypher
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC++
Java
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Clojure
Java
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions and aggregatesnouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javayesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnonoyes infovia event handlersyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesAutomatic shardingnonenoneyes infovia pluggable storage backendsyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication in MPP-ClusternoneMulti-source replication in HA-ClusteryesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsKerberos/HDFS data loadingnonoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engineyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency in MPP-ClusterImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityno infonot needed in graphsnoyes inforelationships in graphsyes infoRelationships in graphyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcastyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and rolesnoAccess rights for users and rolesUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph ServerFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
AnzoGraph DBLevelDBStardogTitanVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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AnzoGraph DBLevelDBStardogTitanVirtuoso
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