DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. SAP SQL Anywhere vs. TerminusDB vs. Trino vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. SAP SQL Anywhere vs. TerminusDB vs. Trino vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

RDBMS database and synchronization technologies for server, desktop, remote office, and mobile environments

Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships

Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL

Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine

Secondary database models

Document store
RDF store

Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	4.25
Rank	#79	Overall
	#43	Relational DBMS

Score	0.17
Rank	#325	Overall
	#29	Graph DBMS

Score	5.00
Rank	#66	Overall
	#36	Relational DBMS

Score	4.26
Rank	#78	Overall
	#13	Document stores
	#4	Graph DBMS
	#2	Native XML DBMS
	#42	Relational DBMS
	#2	RDF stores
	#9	Search engines

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.sap.com/products/technology-platform/sql-anywhere.html

terminusdb.com

trino.io

virtuoso.openlinksw.com

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

help.sap.com/docs/SAP_SQL_Anywhere

terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/#

trino.io/broadcast
trino.io/docs/current

docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso

Social network pages

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

SAP

formerly Sybase

DataChemist Ltd.

Trino Software Foundation

OpenLink Software

Initial release

2012

1992

2018

2012

2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL

1998

Current release

17, July 2015

11.0.0, January 2023

7.2.11, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

GPL V3

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.

Implementation language

Prolog, Rust

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

Linux
macOS

for devlopment

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

SQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

depending on connected data-source

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

SQL-like query language (WOQL)

yes

SQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC

OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI

ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

JavaScript
Python

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

yes, in C/C++, Java, .Net or Perl

yes

yes, depending on connected data-source

yes

Virtuoso PL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Graph Partitioning

depending on connected data-source

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Source-replica replication

Database mirroring

Journaling Streams

depending on connected data-source

Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

depending on connected data-source

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

depending on connected data-source

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory journaling

depending on connected data-source

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

SQL standard access control

Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
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Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantages

High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
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Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenarios

Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
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Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customers

Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
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Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metrics

33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
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Largest installed-base of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
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Licensing and pricing models

Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
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Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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