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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Percona Server for MySQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Percona Server for MySQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure AI Search  Xexclude from comparisonPercona Server for MySQL  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsSearch-as-a-service for web and mobile app developmentEnhanced drop-in replacement for MySQL based on XtraDB or TokuDB storage engines with improved performance and additional diagnostic and management features.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score16.88
Rank#35  Overall
#22  Relational DBMS
Score5.52
Rank#59  Overall
#6  Search engines
Score2.10
Rank#119  Overall
#57  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­searchwww.percona.com/­software/­mysql-database/­percona-serverwww.postgresql.orgwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftlearn.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­searchwww.percona.com/­downloads/­Percona-Server-LATESTwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)MicrosoftPerconaPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerStardog-Union
Initial release2012201520081989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2010
Current releaseV18.0.36-28, 202416.3, May 20247.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL version 2Open Source infoBSDcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC and C++CJava
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesrestrictedyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardnoyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin Pythonnoyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnonoyesyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
XtraDB Cluster
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemnoyesyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousing Azure authenticationUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Amazon RedshiftMicrosoft Azure AI SearchPercona Server for MySQLPostgreSQLStardog
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