DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. RDFox

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	16.88
Rank	#35	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	19.93
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#300	Overall
	#24	Graph DBMS
	#13	RDF stores

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.h2database.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Thomas Mueller

Microsoft

Oxford Semantic Technologies

Initial release

2012

2005

2016

2017

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

6.0, Septermber 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Java

C#
Java
PHP

C
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Transact SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

replication via a shared file system

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

Roles, resources, and access types

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