DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Graphite vs. RDF4J vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Graphite vs. RDF4J vs. TerminusDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

Data logging and graphing tool for time series data

The storage layer (fixed size database) is called Whisper

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	2.89
Rank	#103	Overall
	#52	Relational DBMS

Score	4.57
Rank	#73	Overall
	#5	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	0.17
Rank	#325	Overall
	#29	Graph DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

cloud.google.com/spanner

github.com/graphite-project/graphite-web

rdf4j.org

terminusdb.com

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

graphite.readthedocs.io

rdf4j.org/documentation

terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/#

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Google

Chris Davis

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

DataChemist Ltd.

Initial release

2012

2017

2006

2004

2018

Current release

11.0.0, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

GPL V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Python

Java

Prolog, Rust

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
Unix

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Numeric data only

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

SQL-like query language (WOQL)

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

HTTP API
Sockets

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Java
PHP
Python

JavaScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Graph Partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

none

Journaling Streams

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

in-memory journaling

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Role-based access control

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