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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. DuckDB vs. Memgraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. DuckDB vs. Memgraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMemgraph  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSAn open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4jWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score16.88
Rank#35  Overall
#22  Relational DBMS
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score3.19
Rank#94  Overall
#8  Graph DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.18
Rank#332  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftduckdb.orgmemgraph.comwww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftduckdb.org/­docsmemgraph.com/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docswww.xtdb.com/­docs
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterFacebookGitHubDiscord
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)Memgraph LtdPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerJuxt Ltd.
Initial release2012201820171989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2019
Current release0.10, February 202416.3, May 20241.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoBSL 1.1; commercial license for enterprise edition availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC++C and C++CClojure
Server operating systemshostedserver-lessLinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and schema-optionalyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesrestrictedyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardyesnoyes infostandard with numerous extensionslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C
C++
Elixir
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin Pythonnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infodynamic graph partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnoneMulti-source replication using RAFTSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemnoyes inforelationships in graphsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infowith snapshot isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoUsers, roles and permissionsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon RedshiftDuckDBMemgraphPostgreSQLXTDB infoformerly named Crux
Specific characteristicsMemgraph directly connects to your streaming infrastructure so you and your team...
» more
Competitive advantagesBusiness Source License ensures a future for the Memgraph community MAGE algorithm...
» more
Typical application scenariosGraph algorithms in bioinformatics Social network analysis Cryptocurrency network...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsYou can check out our pricing model and licenses on the company website .
» more

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More resources
Amazon RedshiftDuckDBMemgraphPostgreSQLXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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