DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. CockroachDB vs. Datomic vs. RethinkDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. CockroachDB vs. Datomic vs. RethinkDB vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

DBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	6.15
Rank	#55	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	1.59
Rank	#150	Overall
	#69	Relational DBMS

Score	2.74
Rank	#105	Overall
	#19	Document stores

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.cockroachlabs.com

www.datomic.com

rethinkdb.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

docs.datomic.com

rethinkdb.com/docs

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Cockroach Labs

Cognitect

The Linux Foundation

since July 2017

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2012

2015

2012

2009

2019

Current release

23.1.1, May 2023

1.0.6735, June 2023

2.4.1, August 2020

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java, Clojure

C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

dynamic schema

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, binary, float, bool, date, geometry

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC

RESTful HTTP API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

Clojure
Java

community-supported driver
C#

community-supported driver
C++

community-supported driver
Clojure

community-supported driver
Dart

community-supported driver
Erlang

community-supported driver
Go

community-supported driver
Haskell

community-supported driver
Java

official driver
JavaScript (Node.js)

official driver
Lisp

community-supported driver
Lua

community-supported driver
Objective-C

community-supported driver
Perl

community-supported driver
PHP

community-supported driver
Python

official driver
Ruby

official driver
Scala

community-supported driver

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

yes

Transaction Functions

Triggers

By using transaction functions

Client-side triggers through changefeeds

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Sharding

range based

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Multi-source replication using RAFT

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Source-replica replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomic single-document operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC based

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

yes

users and table-level permissions

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