DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Citus vs. Ingres

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Citus vs. Ingres

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Well established RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	2.21
Rank	#118	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.citusdata.com

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

docs.citusdata.com

docs.actian.com/ingres

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Actian Corporation

Initial release

2012

2010

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

Current release

8.1, December 2018

11.2, May 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Ingres Replicator

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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