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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Pinot vs. DuckDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Pinot vs. DuckDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonApache Pinot  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsRealtime distributed OLAP datastore, designed to answer OLAP queries with low latencyAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score17.94
Rank#34  Overall
#21  Relational DBMS
Score0.40
Rank#270  Overall
#125  Relational DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftpinot.apache.orgduckdb.orgwww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftdocs.pinot.apache.orgduckdb.org/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docswww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)Apache Software Foundation and contributorsPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerJuxt Ltd.
Initial release2012201520181989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2019
Current release1.0.0, September 20230.10, February 202416.3, May 20241.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
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Implementation languageCJavaC++CClojure
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java JDK11 or higherserver-lessFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesrestrictedyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardSQL-like query languageyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBCArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGo
Java
Python
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin Pythonnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioningnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

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More resources
Amazon RedshiftApache PinotDuckDBPostgreSQLXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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