DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Impala vs. HarperDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Impala vs. HarperDB vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

HarperDB takes the "stack" out of "tech stack" by combining an ultra-fast document-style data store, in-memory cache, real-time message broker, and your application components into a single distributed technology.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	15.25
Rank	#38	Overall
	#23	Relational DBMS

Score	10.63
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.55
Rank	#243	Overall
	#38	Document stores

Score	0.13
Rank	#330	Overall
	#45	Document stores

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

impala.apache.org

www.harperdb.io

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.harperdb.io/docs

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

HarperDB

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2012

2013

2017

2019

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

3.1, August 2021

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

free community edition available

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Node.js

Clojure

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux

Linux
OS X

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

dynamic schema

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON data types

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like data manipulation statements

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Custom Functions

since release 3.1

Triggers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

A table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a cluster

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

selectable replication factor

yes

the nodes on which a table resides can be defined

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomic execution of specific operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, using LMDB

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Access rights for users and roles

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