DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. GigaSpaces

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. GigaSpaces

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

High performance in-memory data grid platform, powering three products: Smart Cache, Smart ODS (Operational Data Store), Smart Augmented Transactions

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Object oriented DBMS

Values are user defined objects

Secondary database models

Document store

Graph DBMS
Search engine

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Trend Chart

Score	16.88
Rank	#35	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	2.15
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	1.03
Rank	#188	Overall
	#32	Document stores
	#6	Object oriented DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

impala.apache.org

www.citusdata.com

www.gigaspaces.com

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.citusdata.com

docs.gigaspaces.com/latest/landing.html

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Gigaspaces Technologies

Initial release

2012

2013

2010

2000

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

8.1, December 2018

15.5, September 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

Apache Version 2; Commercial licenses available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java, C++, .Net

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux

Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

XML can be used for describing objects metadata

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

SQL-99 for query and DML statements

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

GigaSpaces LRMI
Hibernate
JCache
JDBC
JPA
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
C++
Java
Python
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

Triggers

yes

yes, event driven architecture

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

selectable replication factor

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Multi-source replication

synchronous or asynchronous
Source-replica replication

synchronous or asynchronous

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

Map-Reduce pattern can be built with XAP task executors

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable: ALL, QUORUM, ANY

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

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