DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Druid vs. H2 vs. RRDtool vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Druid vs. H2 vs. RRDtool vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Industry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database.

The data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	3.34
Rank	#88	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	1.87
Rank	#136	Overall
	#11	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

druid.apache.org

www.h2database.com

oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/doc

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Thomas Mueller

Tobias Oetiker

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2012

2005

1999

2019

Current release

29.0.1, April 2024

2.2.220, July 2023

1.8.0, 2022

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

GPL V2 and FLOSS

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Implementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# available

Clojure

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
OS X
Unix

All OS with a Java VM

HP-UX
Linux

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Numeric data only

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Exporting into and restoring from XML files possible

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

SQL for querying

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC

in-process shared library
Pipes

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

Java

with librrd library
C#

with a different implementation of RRDTool
Java

with a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js)

with a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP

with a wrapper library
Python
Ruby

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

by using the rrdcached daemon

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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