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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Stardog vs. Warp 10

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Stardog vs. Warp 10

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonWarp 10  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationTimeSeries DBMS specialized on timestamped geo data based on LevelDB or HBase
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score0.14
Rank#344  Overall
#32  Time Series DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaseazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.stardog.comwww.warp10.io
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.stardog.comwww.warp10.io/­content/­02_Getting_started
DeveloperAmazonMicrosoftMicrosoftStardog-UnionSenX
Initial release20172010201620102015
Current releaseV127.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoApache License 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++JavaJava
Server operating systemshostedhostedhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyesYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serverno
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
HTTP API
Jupyter
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLTransact SQLuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javayes infoWarpScript
Triggersnoyesnoyes infovia event handlersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningnoneSharding infobased on HBase
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yes, with always 3 replicas availableyesMulti-source replication in HA-Clusterselectable replication factor infobased on HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency infobased on HBase
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes inforelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesAccess rights for users and rolesMandatory use of cryptographic tokens, containing fine-grained authorizations

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseStardogWarp 10
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