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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NebulaGraph vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NebulaGraph vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSWidely used in-process key-value store
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score2.01
Rank#126  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.html
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.nebula-graph.iodocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.html
DeveloperAmazonMicrosoftVesoft Inc.Oracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle
Initial release2017201920191994
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases18.1.40, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infocommercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinuxAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)Strong typed schemaschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML edition
Secondary indexesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query languageyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is available
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functionsno
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes infoonly for the SQL API
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Causal Clustering using Raft protocolSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory AuthenticationRole-based access controlno
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNebulaGraphOracle Berkeley DB
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNebulaGraphOracle Berkeley DB
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