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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. LeanXcale vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Pinecone vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. LeanXcale vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Pinecone vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonPinecone  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudA highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesWidely used in-process key-value storeA managed, cloud-native vector databaseWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Key-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Vector DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score0.29
Rank#291  Overall
#41  Key-value stores
#132  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score3.16
Rank#95  Overall
#2  Vector DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.leanxcale.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.pinecone.iowww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmldocs.pinecone.io/­docs/­overviewwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperAmazonLeanXcaleOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OraclePinecone Systems, IncPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20172015199420191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release18.1.40, May 202016.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availablecommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
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Implementation languageC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)C
Server operating systemshostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoString, Number, Booleanyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infothrough Apache Derbyyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availablenoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
Java
Scala
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Python.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnoyes infoonly for the SQL APIyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Source-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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