DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Kdb vs. Neo4j vs. SingleStore vs. Sqrrl
System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Kdb vs. Neo4j vs. SingleStore vs. Sqrrl
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| Name | Amazon Neptune Xexclude from comparison | Kdb Xexclude from comparison | Neo4j Xexclude from comparison | SingleStore  former name was MemSQL Xexclude from comparison | Sqrrl Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sqrrl has been acquired by Amazon and became a part of Amazon Web Services. It has been removed from the DB-Engines ranking. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud | High performance Time Series DBMS | Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings | MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type | Adaptable, secure NoSQL built on Apache Accumulo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Graph DBMS RDF store | Time Series DBMS Vector DBMS | Graph DBMS | Relational DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS Key-value store Wide column store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Relational DBMS | Document store Spatial DBMS Time Series DBMS Vector DBMS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | aws.amazon.com/neptune | kx.com | neo4j.com | www.singlestore.com | sqrrl.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources | code.kx.com | neo4j.com/docs | docs.singlestore.com | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Amazon | Kx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plc | Neo4j, Inc. | SingleStore Inc. | Amazon originally Sqrrl Data, Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2017 | 2000 kdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003 | 2007 | 2013 | 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 3.6, May 2018 | 5.19, April 2024 | 8.5, January 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | commercial | commercial free 32-bit version | Open Source GPL version3, commercial licenses available | commercial free developer edition available | commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | yes | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers. | SingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | q | Java, Scala | C++, Go | Java | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | hosted | Linux OS X Solaris Windows | Linux Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database. OS X Solaris Windows | Linux 64 bit version required | Linux | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free | yes | schema-free and schema-optional | yes | schema-free | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | no | yes table attribute 'grouped' | yes pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | no | SQL-like query language (q) | no | yes but no triggers and foreign keys | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | OpenCypher RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1 TinkerPop Gremlin | HTTP API JDBC Jupyter Kafka ODBC WebSocket | Bolt protocol Cypher query language Java API Neo4j-OGM Object Graph MapperRESTful HTTP API Spring Data Neo4j TinkerPop 3 | Cluster Management API as HTTP Rest and CLI HTTP API JDBC MongoDB API ODBC | Accumulo Shell Java API JDBC ODBC RESTful HTTP API Thrift | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | C# Go Java JavaScript PHP Python Ruby Scala | C C# C++ Go J Java JavaScript Lua MatLab Perl PHP Python R Scala | .Net Clojure Elixir Go Groovy Haskell Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby Scala | Bash C C# Java JavaScript (Node.js) Python | Actionscript C using GLibC# C++ Cocoa Delphi Erlang Go Haskell Java JavaScript OCaml Perl PHP Python Ruby Smalltalk | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | no | user defined functions | yes User defined Procedures and Functions | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | yes with views | yes via event handler | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | none | horizontal partitioning | yes using Neo4j Fabric | Sharding hash partitioning | Sharding making use of Hadoop | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances. | Source-replica replication | Causal Clustering using Raft protocol available in in Enterprise Version only | Source-replica replication stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes | selectable replication factor making use of Hadoop | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no similar paradigm used for internal processing | no | no can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency Document store kept consistent with combination of global timestamping, row-level transactions, and server-side consistency resolution. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes Relationships in graphs | yes | yes Relationships in graphs | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | no | ACID | ACID | Atomic updates per row, document, or graph entity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes with encyption-at-rest | yes | yes | yes All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log. | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) | rights management via user accounts | Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos) | Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles | Cell-level Security, Data-Centric Security, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amazon Neptune | Kdb | Neo4j | SingleStore former name was MemSQL | Sqrrl | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | Integrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical... » more | Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale... » more | SingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | provides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked... » more | Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely... » more | SingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | tick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas... » more | Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network... » more | Driving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities... » more | Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers... » more | IEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | kdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure... » more | Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million... » more | Customers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | upon request » more | GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial... » more | F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| News | This Week in Neo4j: Podcast, GraphRAG, GraphQL, Chatbot and more Neo4j Joins the Connect with Confluent Partner Program 10 Inspiring Projects to Spark Your NODES 2024 Presentation New Security Feature in Neo4j Aura: Customer Managed Keys Safeguarding Elections: How Graph Technology Powers Groundbreaking Research on Political Ads | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amazon Neptune | Kdb | Neo4j | SingleStore former name was MemSQL | Sqrrl | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | Applying Graph Analytics to Game of Thrones MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking The openCypher Project: Help Shape the SQL for Graphs | Turbocharge Your Application Development Using WebAssembly With SingleStoreDB Cloud-Based Analytics With SingleStoreDB SingleStore: The Increasing Momentum of Multi-Model Database Systems | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recent citations in the news | AWS announces Amazon Neptune I/O-Optimized Find and link similar entities in a knowledge graph using Amazon Neptune, Part 1: Full-text search | Amazon Web ... Find and link similar entities in a knowledge graph using Amazon Neptune, Part 2: Vector similarity search | Amazon ... Analyze large amounts of graph data to get insights and find trends with Amazon Neptune Analytics | Amazon Web ... Amazon Neptune announces support for data APIs in the AWS SDK provided by Google News | Turbocharging the Engine: KX Unleashes AI-First Transformation with kdb+ McLaren Applied and KX partner to enhance ATLAS software analytics capabilities KX Brings the Power and Performance of kdb+ to Python Developers with PyKX Introducing Amazon FinSpace with Managed kdb Insights, a fully managed analytics engine, commonly used by capital ... KX ANNOUNCES KDB INSIGHTS AS FULLY MANAGED SERVICE ON AMAZON FINSPACE provided by Google News | Neo4j Announces Collaboration with Microsoft to Advance GenAI and Data Solutions USA - English - India - English Neo4j CTO says new Graph Query Language standard will have 'massive ripple effects' Neo4j Is Planning IPO on Nasdaq, Largest Owner Greenbridge Says Neo4j Empowers Syracuse University with $250K Grant to Tackle Misinformation in 2024 Elections Leveraging Neo4j and Amazon Bedrock for an Explainable, Secure, and Connected Generative AI Solution | Amazon ... provided by Google News | SingleStore CEO sees little future for purpose-built vector databases SingleStore Announces Real-time Data Platform to Further Accelerate AI, Analytics and Application Development Building a Modern Database: Nikita Shamgunov on Postgres and Beyond SingleStore adds indexed vector search to Pro Max release for faster AI work – Blocks and Files Announcing watsonx.ai and SingleStore for generative AI applications provided by Google News | Splunk details Sqrrl 'screw-ups' that hampered threat hunting Amazon acquires cybersecurity startup Sqrrl Mark Terenzoni Millennials possess the advantage of time for wealth creation, says Yashoraj Tyagi of Sqrrl | Mint Amazon's cloud business acquires Sqrrl, a security start-up with NSA roots provided by Google News | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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