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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Immudb vs. LeanXcale vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. SpatiaLite

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Immudb vs. LeanXcale vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. SpatiaLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonSpatiaLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesWidely used in-process key-value storeSpatial extension of SQLite
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Key-value storeKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Key-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Spatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score0.29
Rank#291  Overall
#41  Key-value stores
#132  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score1.60
Rank#149  Overall
#3  Spatial DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunegithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.leanxcale.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.gaia-gis.it/­fossil/­libspatialite/­index
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.immudb.iodocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlwww.gaia-gis.it/­gaia-sins/­spatialite_topics.html
DeveloperAmazonCodenotaryLeanXcaleOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleAlessandro Furieri
Initial release20172020201519942008
Current release1.2.3, April 202218.1.40, May 20205.0.0, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoMPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)C++
Server operating systemshostedBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
server-less
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like syntaxyes infothrough Apache Derbyyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
Java
Scala
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononono
Triggersnonoyes infoonly for the SQL APIyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Source-replica replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)nono

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneImmudbLeanXcaleOracle Berkeley DBSpatiaLite
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