DBMS > Immudb vs. LeanXcale vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. SpatiaLite

System Properties Comparison Immudb vs. LeanXcale vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. SpatiaLite

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilities

Widely used in-process key-value store

Spatial extension of SQLite

Primary database model

Key-value store

Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Key-value store

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

Spatial DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.31
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	0.36
Rank	#280	Overall
	#40	Key-value stores
	#129	Relational DBMS

Score	2.01
Rank	#126	Overall
	#21	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Score	1.63
Rank	#146	Overall
	#3	Spatial DBMS

Website

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.leanxcale.com

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

www.gaia-gis.it/fossil/libspatialite/index

Technical documentation

docs.immudb.io

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

www.gaia-gis.it/gaia-sins/spatialite_topics.html

Developer

Codenotary

LeanXcale

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

Alessandro Furieri

Initial release

2020

2015

1994

2008

Current release

1.2.3, April 2022

18.1.40, May 2020

5.0.0, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

commercial license available

Open Source

MPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

C++

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

server-less

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like syntax

yes

through Apache Derby

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

yes

APIs and other access methods

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
Java
Scala

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Triggers

yes

only for the SQL API

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Spatial database management systems
6 April 2021, Matthias Gelbmann

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Recent citations in the news

Codenotary brings its immutable database to the cloud
21 June 2023, TechCrunch

ImmuDB and Codenotary: It's a database, but the company isn't
20 December 2021, ZDNet

Immudb: Open-source database, built on a zero trust model
17 December 2021, Help Net Security

How Open-Source Database immudb Plans to Handle All That Metaverse Data
10 October 2022, Acceleration Economy

immudb (immutable database) 'tamper-proof' database - Open Source Insider
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Margo I. Seltzer | Berkman Klein Center
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Database Trends Report: SQL Beats NoSQL, MySQL Most Popular -- ADTmag
5 March 2019, ADT Magazine

Oracle buys Sleepycat Software
14 February 2006, MarketWatch

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