DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Postgres-XL vs. SingleStore

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Postgres-XL vs. SingleStore

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

Database as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDB

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Document store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.20
Rank	#119	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	2.68
Rank	#106	Overall
	#20	Document stores

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.49
Rank	#256	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Score	5.60
Rank	#62	Overall
	#35	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/neptune

www.ibm.com/products/cloudant

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.postgres-xl.org

www.singlestore.com

Technical documentation

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

cloud.ibm.com/docs/Cloudant

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

docs.singlestore.com

Developer

Amazon

IBM, Apache Software Foundation

IBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014

Microsoft

SingleStore Inc.

Initial release

2017

2010

1989

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

2013

Current release

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

10 R1, October 2018

8.5, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Mozilla public license

commercial

free developer edition available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

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Implementation language

Erlang

C++

C++, Go

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS

Linux

64 bit version required

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

yes

but no triggers and foreign keys

APIs and other access methods

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Cluster Management API

as HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

View functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScript

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

user defined functions

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

horizontal partitioning

Sharding

hash partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Source-replica replication

stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

atomic operations within a document possible

ACID

MVCC

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Optimistic locking

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes

All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Access rights for users can be defined per database

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

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Key customers

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Market metrics

Customers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry...
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Licensing and pricing models

F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
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