DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. H2GIS vs. HugeGraph vs. MarkLogic vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. H2GIS vs. HugeGraph vs. MarkLogic vs. Oracle

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

Spatial extension of H2

A fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMS

Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL database

Widely used RDBMS

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Spatial DBMS

Graph DBMS

Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store

as of version 7
Search engine

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.29
Rank	#113	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	0.08
Rank	#368	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Score	0.17
Rank	#335	Overall
	#31	Graph DBMS

Score	5.18
Rank	#63	Overall
	#11	Document stores
	#1	Native XML DBMS
	#1	RDF stores
	#7	Search engines

Score	1244.08
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/neptune

www.h2gis.org

github.com/hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org

www.marklogic.com

www.oracle.com/database

Technical documentation

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

www.h2gis.org/docs/home

hugegraph.apache.org/docs

docs.marklogic.com

docs.oracle.com/en/database

Developer

Amazon

CNRS

Baidu

MarkLogic Corp.

Oracle

Initial release

2017

2013

2018

2001

1980

Current release

0.9

11.0, December 2022

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

LGPL 3.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
macOS
Unix

Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

also supports composite index and range index

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL92

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin

Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API

Proprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Java

Groovy
Java
Python

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

based on H2

asynchronous Gremlin script jobs

yes

via XQuery or JavaScript

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

yes

based on H2

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

via hugegraph-spark

yes

via Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobs

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

edges in graph

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

can act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transaction

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

yes, with Range Indexes

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

yes

based on H2

Users, roles and permissions

Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levels

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.