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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TimescaleDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Key-value store
Wide column store
Key-value storeRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score4.64
Rank#71  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunecloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.timescale.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcescloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docswww.lmdb.tech/­docdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.timescale.com
DeveloperAmazonGoogleSymasMicrosoftTimescale
Initial release20172015201120162017
Current release0.9.32, January 20242.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++C
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinux
Unix
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesnononoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnononoyesyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoTransact SQLuser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersnonononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesnoneyesSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic single-row operationsACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneGoogle Cloud BigtableLMDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseTimescaleDB
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