DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Google BigQuery vs. LeanXcale vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. RisingWave

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Google BigQuery vs. LeanXcale vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. RisingWave

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilities

Widely used in-process key-value store

A distributed RDBMS for stream processing, wire-compatible with PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Key-value store

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.20
Rank	#119	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	60.38
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#291	Overall
	#41	Key-value stores
	#132	Relational DBMS

Score	2.21
Rank	#117	Overall
	#20	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Score	0.58
Rank	#242	Overall
	#111	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/neptune

cloud.google.com/bigquery

www.leanxcale.com

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

www.risingwave.com/database

Technical documentation

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

docs.risingwave.com/docs/current/intro

Developer

Amazon

Google

LeanXcale

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

RisingWave Labs

Initial release

2017

2010

2015

1994

2022

Current release

18.1.40, May 2020

1.2, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

commercial license available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

Rust

Server operating systems

hosted

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Docker
Linux
macOS

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Standard SQL-types and JSON

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

through Apache Derby

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

yes

APIs and other access methods

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector

JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol

Supported programming languages

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
Java
Scala

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in JavaScript

UDFs in Python or Java

Triggers

yes

only for the SQL API

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

Users and Roles

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