DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. GBase vs. MariaDB vs. ScyllaDB vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. GBase vs. MariaDB vs. ScyllaDB vs. Trino

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

Widely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

Cassandra and DynamoDB compatible wide column store

Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

Key-value store

Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.29
Rank	#113	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	1.05
Rank	#186	Overall
	#86	Relational DBMS

Score	91.04
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Score	4.08
Rank	#76	Overall
	#5	Wide column stores

Score	4.99
Rank	#65	Overall
	#36	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/neptune

www.gbase.cn

mariadb.com

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

www.scylladb.com

trino.io

Technical documentation

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

docs.scylladb.com

trino.io/broadcast
trino.io/docs/current

Social network pages

Developer

Amazon

General Data Technology Co., Ltd.

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

ScyllaDB

Trino Software Foundation

Initial release

2017

2004

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

2015

2012

2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL

Current release

GBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8c

11.3.2, February 2024

ScyllaDB Open Source 5.4.1, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

Open Source

Open Source (AGPL), commercial license available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.

Scylla Cloud: Create real-time applications that run at global scale with Scylla Cloud, the industry’s most powerful NoSQL DBaaS

Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.

Implementation language

C, Java, Python

C and C++

C++

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

Linux

Linux
macOS

for devlopment

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

cluster global secondary indices

depending on connected data-source

SQL

Support of SQL

Standard with numerous extensions

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements (CQL)

yes

APIs and other access methods

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

ADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Proprietary protocol (CQL)

compatible with CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)
Thrift

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI

Supported programming languages

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

For CQL interface: C#, C++, Clojure, Erlang, Go, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, Node.js, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Rust, Scala
For DynamoDB interface: .Net, ColdFusion, Erlang, Groovy, Java, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

yes, Lua

yes, depending on connected data-source

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

Sharding

depending on connected data-source

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

depending on connected data-source

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Tunable Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

depending on connected data-source

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

depending on connected data-source

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

depending on connected data-source

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

yes

in-memory tables

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users can be defined per object

SQL standard access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more

ScyllaDB is engineered to deliver predictable performance at scale. It’s adopted...
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Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
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Competitive advantages

MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
» more

Highly-performant (efficiently utilizes full resources of a node and network; millions...
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High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
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Typical application scenarios

Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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ScyllaDB is ideal for applications that require high throughput and low latency at...
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Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
» more

Key customers

Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Discord, Epic Games, Expedia, Zillow, Comcast, Disney+ Hotstar, Samsung, ShareChat,...
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Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
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Market metrics

MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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ScyllaDB typically offers ~75% total cost of ownership savings, with ~5X higher throughput...
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33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
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Licensing and pricing models

MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
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ScyllaDB Open Source - free open source software (AGPL) ScyllaDB Enterprise - subscription-based...
» more

Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.