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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. NebulaGraph vs. Riak KV

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. NebulaGraph vs. Riak KV

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonRiak KV  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSDistributed, fault tolerant key-value store
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Document storeGraph DBMSKey-value store infowith links between data sets and object tags for the creation of secondary indexes
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score4.47
Rank#76  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score4.10
Rank#82  Overall
#9  Key-value stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­datastoregithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsdocs.nebula-graph.iowww.tiot.jp/­riak-docs/­riak/­kv/­latest
DeveloperAmazonFoundationDBGoogleVesoft Inc.OpenSource, formerly Basho Technologies
Initial release20172013200820192009
Current release6.2.28, November 20203.2.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoApache version 2, commercial enterprise edition
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++Erlang
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinuxLinux
OS X
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeStrong typed schemaschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyes, details hereyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnonoyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.restricted
SQL infoSupport of SQLnosupported in specific SQL layer onlySQL-like query language (GQL)SQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
C infounofficial client library
C#
C++ infounofficial client library
Clojure infounofficial client library
Dart infounofficial client library
Erlang
Go infounofficial client library
Groovy infounofficial client library
Haskell infounofficial client library
Java
JavaScript infounofficial client library
Lisp infounofficial client library
Perl infounofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala infounofficial client library
Smalltalk infounofficial client library
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoin SQL-layer onlyusing Google App Engineuser defined functionsErlang
TriggersnonoCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyes infopre-commit hooks and post-commit hooks
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingShardingSharding infono "single point of failure"
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yesMulti-source replication using PaxosCausal Clustering using Raft protocolselectable replication factor
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsin SQL-layer onlyyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyes infoRelationships in graphsno infolinks between data sets can be stored
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)noAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access controlyes, using Riak Security
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneFoundationDBGoogle Cloud DatastoreNebulaGraphRiak KV
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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Amazon NeptuneFoundationDBGoogle Cloud DatastoreNebulaGraphRiak KV
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