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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Greenplum vs. Heroic

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Greenplum vs. Heroic

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGreenplum  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Analytic Database platform built on PostgreSQL. Full name is Pivotal Greenplum Database infoA logical database in Greenplum is an array of individual PostgreSQL databases working together to present a single database image.Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearch
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Search engineRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score8.37
Rank#48  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.51
Rank#255  Overall
#21  Time Series DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchcloud.google.com/­spannergreenplum.orggithub.com/­spotify/­heroic
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceswww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.greenplum.orgspotify.github.io/­heroic
DeveloperAmazonElasticGooglePivotal Software Inc.Spotify
Initial release20172010201720052014
Current release8.6, January 20237.0.0, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoElastic LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJava
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infosince Version 4.2no
Secondary indexesnoyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyesyes infovia Elasticsearch
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languageyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesno
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
Java
Perl
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesnoyesno
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Source-replica replicationyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoES-Hadoop Connectoryes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationnonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneElasticsearchGoogle Cloud SpannerGreenplumHeroic
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