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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Spark SQL vs. Valentina Server

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Spark SQL vs. Valentina Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonValentina Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingObject-relational database and reports server
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score0.17
Rank#327  Overall
#145  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneduckdb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasespark.apache.org/­sqlwww.valentina-db.net
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesduckdb.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmlvalentina-db.com/­docs/­dokuwiki/­v5/­doku.php
DeveloperAmazonMicrosoftApache Software FoundationParadigma Software
Initial release20172018201020141999
Current release0.10, February 2024V123.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20235.7.5
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++Scala
Server operating systemshostedserver-lesshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyesSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
Python
R
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
Visual Basic
Visual Basic.NET
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoTransact SQLnoyes
Triggersnonoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.noneyes, with always 3 replicas availablenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneDuckDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureSpark SQLValentina Server
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