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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Derby vs. DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Derby vs. DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonDerby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDB  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score4.60
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunedb.apache.org/­derbyduckdb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­database
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdb.apache.org/­derby/­manuals/­index.htmlduckdb.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperAmazonApache Software FoundationMicrosoft
Initial release2017199720182010
Current release10.17.1.0, November 20231.0.0, June 2024V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoMIT Licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++C++
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMserver-lesshosted
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyesyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBCArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
JavaC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored ProceduresnoTransact SQL
Triggersnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Source-replica replicationnoneyes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneDerby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDBDuckDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure
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