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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Phoenix vs. NebulaGraph vs. Spark SQL vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Phoenix vs. NebulaGraph vs. Spark SQL vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.97
Rank#126  Overall
#59  Relational DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#348  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunephoenix.apache.orggithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
spark.apache.org/­sqltinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesphoenix.apache.orgdocs.nebula-graph.iospark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperAmazonApache Software FoundationVesoft Inc.Apache Software Foundation
Initial release20172014201920142009
Current release5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20193.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++ScalaJava
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Unix
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesStrong typed schemayesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesnoyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.nono
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesSQL-like query languageSQL-like DML and DDL statementsno
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBCBrowser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
JDBC
ODBC
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
Java
Python
R
Scala
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsuser defined functionsnono
Triggersnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingyes, utilizing Spark Corenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Causal Clustering using Raft protocolnonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoHadoop integrationnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyes infousing RocksDByesoptional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyRole-based access controlnono
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneApache PhoenixNebulaGraphSpark SQLTinkerGraph
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneApache PhoenixNebulaGraphSpark SQLTinkerGraph
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