DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Phoenix vs. MySQL vs. QuestDB vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Phoenix vs. MySQL vs. QuestDB vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

A scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBase

Widely used open source RDBMS

A high performance open source SQL database for time series data

TiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.29
Rank	#113	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	2.06
Rank	#123	Overall
	#58	Relational DBMS

Score	1061.34
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	2.70
Rank	#105	Overall
	#8	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.25
Rank	#74	Overall
	#40	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/neptune

Technical documentation

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

phoenix.apache.org

dev.mysql.com/doc

questdb.io/docs

docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable

Developer

Amazon

Apache Software Foundation

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

QuestDB Technology Inc

PingCAP, Inc.

Initial release

2017

2014

1995

2014

2016

Current release

5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019

8.4.0, April 2024

8.1.0, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup.

TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Java (Zero-GC), C++, Rust

Go, Rust

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
Unix
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

late-bound, schema-on-read capabilities

yes

schema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL with time-series extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

JDBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol

GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy

Supported programming languages

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

PostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

over HTTP

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

yes

proprietary syntax

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

horizontal partitioning (by timestamps)

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication with eventual consistency

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Hadoop integration

yes

with TiSpark Connector

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

full support since version 6.6

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID for single-table writes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

through memory mapped files

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Access Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancy

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

Fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Relational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more

TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more

Competitive advantages

High ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more

- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Financial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more

TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more

Key customers

Banks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more

Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more

Market metrics

34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Open source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more

TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

News

Fluid real-time dashboards with Grafana and QuestDB
11 June 2024

QuestDB 8.0: Major Release
23 May 2024

QuestDB and Raspberry Pi 5 benchmark, a pocket-sized powerhouse
8 May 2024

Build your own resource monitor with QuestDB and Grafana
6 May 2024

Does "vpmovzxbd" Scare You? Here's Why it Doesn't Have To
12 April 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.