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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Apache IoTDB vs. ArangoDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. NebulaGraph

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Apache IoTDB vs. ArangoDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. NebulaGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonArangoDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkNative multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Search engine
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.17
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.41
Rank#151  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score3.09
Rank#83  Overall
#15  Document stores
#5  Graph DBMS
#11  Key-value stores
#10  Search engines
Score16.84
Rank#33  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score1.79
Rank#129  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneiotdb.apache.orgarangodb.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmldocs.arangodb.comdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.nebula-graph.io
DeveloperAmazonApache Software FoundationArangoDB Inc.MicrosoftVesoft Inc.
Initial release20172018201220162019
Current release1.1.0, April 20233.11.5, November 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++C++C++
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-free infoautomatically recognizes schema within a collectionyesStrong typed schema
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infostring, double, boolean, list, hashyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languagenoyesSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBC
Native API
AQL
Foxx Framework
Graph API (Gremlin)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Java & SpringData
JSON style queries
VelocyPack/VelocyStream
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Rust
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesJavaScriptTransact SQLuser defined functions
Triggersnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)Sharding infosince version 2.0Sharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasSource-replica replication with configurable replication factoryesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparkno infocan be done with stored procedures in JavaScriptnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Eventual Consistency infoconfigurable per collection or per write
Immediate Consistency
OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics)
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes inforelationships in graphsno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes infousing RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesyesyesRole-based access control
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneApache IoTDBArangoDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseNebulaGraph
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneApache IoTDBArangoDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseNebulaGraph
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