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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. STSdb vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. STSdb vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSTSdb  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudAnalytic DBMS for HadoopFully managed big data interactive analytics platformKey-Value Store with special method for indexing infooptimized for high performance using a special indexing methodTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.10
Rank#357  Overall
#51  Key-value stores
Score4.25
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneimpala.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­STSSoft/­STSdb4pingcap.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperAmazonApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftSTS Soft SCPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release20172013201920112016
Current release4.1.0, June 2022cloud service with continuous releases4.0.8, September 20158.1.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageC++C#Go, Rust
Server operating systemshostedLinuxhostedWindowsLinux
Data schemeschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infoprimitive types and user defined types (classes)yes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesall fields are automatically indexednoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnoyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client APIGORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
Java
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnono
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenonehorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.selectable replication factoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.noneUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnononoyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnononoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAzure Active Directory AuthenticationnoFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneApache ImpalaMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSTSdbTiDB
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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Amazon NeptuneApache ImpalaMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSTSdbTiDB
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