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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Amazon Redshift vs. GraphDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Amazon Redshift vs. GraphDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. TigerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score16.88
Rank#35  Overall
#22  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#91  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score1.80
Rank#138  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneaws.amazon.com/­redshiftwww.ontotext.comwww.postgresql.orgwww.tigergraph.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.tigergraph.com
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperAmazonAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)OntotextPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2017201220001989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2017
Current release10.4, October 202316.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCJavaCC++
Server operating systemshostedhostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesnorestrictedyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardstored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query language (GSQL)
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBC
ODBC
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions infoin Pythonwell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes
Triggersnononoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemyes infoConstraint checkingyesyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access control
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneAmazon RedshiftGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMPostgreSQLTigerGraph
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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