DBMS > Amazon DynamoDB vs. Geode vs. GraphDB vs. Stardog vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison Amazon DynamoDB vs. Geode vs. GraphDB vs. Stardog vs. Trino

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Hosted, scalable database service by Amazon with the data stored in Amazons cloud

Geode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processes

Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL

Primary database model

Document store
Key-value store

Key-value store

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	74.07
Rank	#17	Overall
	#3	Document stores
	#2	Key-value stores

Score	1.92
Rank	#131	Overall
	#23	Key-value stores

Score	3.32
Rank	#91	Overall
	#6	Graph DBMS
	#4	RDF stores

Score	2.02
Rank	#123	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	5.00
Rank	#66	Overall
	#36	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

geode.apache.org/docs

graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation

docs.stardog.com

trino.io/broadcast
trino.io/docs/current

Social network pages

Developer

Amazon

Originally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.

Ontotext

Stardog-Union

Trino Software Foundation

Initial release

2012

2002

2000

2010

2012

2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL

Current release

1.1, February 2017

10.4, October 2023

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free tier for a limited amount of database operations

Open Source

Apache Version 2; commercial licenses available as Gemfire

commercial

Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

the JDK (8 or later) is also required

All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
macOS

for devlopment

Data scheme

schema-free

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

depending on connected data-source

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (OQL)

stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

yes

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

Java Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API

GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI

Supported programming languages

.Net
ColdFusion
Erlang
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala

.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

yes, depending on connected data-source

Triggers

yes

by integration with AWS Lambda

yes

Cache Event Listeners

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

depending on connected data-source

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

depending on connected data-source

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

may be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be specified for read operations

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

depending on connected data-source

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Constraint checking

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID across one or more tables within a single AWS account and region

yes, on a single node

ACID

depending on connected data-source

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

depending on connected data-source

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Access rights per client and object definable

Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.

Access rights for users and roles

SQL standard access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
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Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
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Competitive advantages

GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
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High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
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Typical application scenarios

Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
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Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
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Key customers

GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
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Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
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Market metrics

GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
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33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
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Licensing and pricing models

GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more

Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
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