DBMS > Amazon DynamoDB vs. GBase vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle NoSQL

System Properties Comparison Amazon DynamoDB vs. GBase vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle NoSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Hosted, scalable database service by Amazon with the data stored in Amazons cloud

Widely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

Primary database model

Document store
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

column oriented

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	74.07
Rank	#17	Overall
	#3	Document stores
	#2	Key-value stores

Score	1.07
Rank	#185	Overall
	#86	Relational DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	4.38
Rank	#77	Overall
	#41	Relational DBMS

Score	2.95
Rank	#100	Overall
	#17	Document stores
	#17	Key-value stores
	#50	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

www.gbase.cn

github.com/google/leveldb

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

Developer

Amazon

General Data Technology Co., Ltd.

Google

Microsoft

Oracle

Initial release

2012

2004

2011

2019

2011

Current release

GBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8c

1.23, February 2021

cloud service with continuous releases

23.3, December 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free tier for a limited amount of database operations

commercial

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C, Java, Python

C++

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

optional

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Standard with numerous extensions

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

.Net
ColdFusion
Erlang
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

Triggers

yes

by integration with AWS Lambda

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

may be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be specified for read operations

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID across one or more tables within a single AWS account and region

ACID

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

off heap cache

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

yes

Azure Active Directory Authentication

Access rights for users and roles

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